Diabetes Medications
Mechanism of Action According to classification
Sulfonylurea
Among all diabetes medications, sulfonylurea Inhibit ATP sensitive K+ channel in pancreatic beta cell. Depolarization and influx of calcium contraction occur. As a result, insulin release from beta cell and act on liver and peripheral tissues. Blood glucose level decrease and give antidiabetic effect.
Among all diabetes medications, sulfonylurea Inhibit ATP sensitive K+ channel in pancreatic beta cell. Depolarization and influx of calcium contraction occur. As a result, insulin release from beta cell and act on liver and peripheral tissues. Blood glucose level decrease and give antidiabetic effect.
Example:
Tolbutamide, Glilazide, Glipizide.
Biguanide
Among all diabetes medications biguanide directly stimulates glycolysis (glucose breakdown) in peripheral tissue with increase glucose removal blood. It reduces blood glucose by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis (Formation of glycogen from non-carbohydrate source). It reduces intestinal glucose absorption and enhances insulin receptor binding.
Among all diabetes medications biguanide directly stimulates glycolysis (glucose breakdown) in peripheral tissue with increase glucose removal blood. It reduces blood glucose by reducing hepatic gluconeogenesis (Formation of glycogen from non-carbohydrate source). It reduces intestinal glucose absorption and enhances insulin receptor binding.
Example:
Metformine, Phenformine.
Miglitide Analogues
Among all diabetes medications miglitide act by blocking K+ channel and cause depolarization. So, calcium entry increase that result in contraction and insulin secretion.
Example:
Repaglinide, Nateglinide.
Thiazolidinediones
Among all diabetes medications thiazolidinediones enhance entry of glucose into fat and muscle. It suppress the hepatic gluconeogenesis. So, gene regulating fatty acid metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue , contribute to the insulin sensitizing action.
Among all diabetes medications thiazolidinediones enhance entry of glucose into fat and muscle. It suppress the hepatic gluconeogenesis. So, gene regulating fatty acid metabolism and lipogenesis in adipose tissue , contribute to the insulin sensitizing action.
Alpha
glucosidase Inhibitors: Among all diabetes medications alpha
glucosidase Inhibitors is a complex oligosaccharide which reversibly inhibit
alpha-glucosidase, final enzymes in the digestion of carbohydrates in the brush
border of small intestine mucosa. Alpha
glucosidase Inhibitors slows down and decrease digestion and
absorption of polysaccharide and sucrose. It has no role on metabolism of
excess glucose. Alpha
glucosidase Inhibitors controls entry of
glucose into blood.
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