Cancer Drugs
According to classification
Alkylating
agent: Alter structure and function of DNA or by fragmenting of DNA strand. So,
normal synthesis of DNA is prevented.
Example:
Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide.
Anti-metabolite:
Act by blocking one or more of the
metabolic pathway for DNA synthesis.
Example: Methotrexate, Fluorouracil, Mercaptopurine.
Vinca Alkaloid:
It is a mitotic inhibitor. It binds to microtubular protein-tubulin, prevent
its polymerization and assembly of microtubules,cause disruption of mitotic
spindle and interfere with cytoskeletal function.
Example:
Vincristine, Vinblastine.
Taxen: It binds
reversibly to the beta tubulin subunit. They promote polymerization and
stabilization of the polymer rather than disassembly. Thus, they shift the depolarization-polarization process to
favor the formation of microtubules.The stable microtubules formed are
non-functional and chromosome desegregation does not occur. This results in
death of cell.
Example:
Paclitaxel, Doxitaxel.
Glucoside:
Inhibit mitosis at metaphase stage. Inhibit DNA synthesis by an action on topoisomerase II. It also inhibit
mitochondrial function.
Example:
Etoposide.
Antibiotics: It
interact with DNA ,cause fragmentation of DNA chain.As a result disruption of DNA function occur and inhibition of
DNA and RNA synthesis occur.
Example: Doxorubicin,
Bleomycin.
Miscellaneous cytotoxic drugs: It is hydrolysed intracellularly to produce a highly reactive moiety which causes cross linking of DNA. As a result, cell growth is inhibited.
Example:
Cisplatin, Carboplatin.
Camptothecin
analogues: It targets the complex between DNA and topoisomerase I. This leads
to DNA cleavage and cell death.
Example:
Irinotecan, Topotecan.
Monoclonal
Antibodies: It has been produced for numerous tumor associated antigen. It
serves to active the body’s immune response to direct killer cells against the
tumor.If antigen is over expressed receptor, the antibody may bind to it.
So,chemical messenger cannot bind. The antibody act as a receptor antagonist.
Example:
Transtuzumab, Alemtuzumab, Rituximab.
Kinase
inhibitor: It acts as a signal transduction inhibitor. Inhibit tumor tyrosine
kinase. Because, tyrosine kinase associated with growth factor.
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